Vitamins — Reading Comprehension Lesson

Reading Passage

Vitamins

Vitamins are organic compounds that the body needs in small amounts to function properly. Unlike carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, vitamins do not provide energy directly. Instead, they help the body carry out thousands of chemical reactions that keep it healthy.

There are 13 essential vitamins. They are divided into two groups: fat-soluble vitamins and water-soluble vitamins. Fat-soluble vitamins — A, D, E, and K — are stored in the body’s fatty tissue and liver. Water-soluble vitamins — including vitamin C and the eight B vitamins — are not stored in the body and must be replenished regularly through food.

Each vitamin has specific jobs. Vitamin A supports vision and immune function. Vitamin C helps repair body tissue and supports the immune system. Vitamin D is essential for strong bones because it helps the body absorb calcium. B vitamins play key roles in energy metabolism and nervous system health.

Most vitamins come from food. Fruits and vegetables are rich sources of vitamins C and folate. Dairy products and fortified foods supply vitamin D. Leafy greens are high in vitamin K. Eating a varied, balanced diet is the best way to ensure the body gets all the vitamins it needs.

Vitamin deficiencies can cause serious health problems. A lack of vitamin C leads to scurvy, a disease that weakens connective tissue. Too little vitamin D can cause rickets in children, a condition that softens and weakens bones. Getting enough of each vitamin through diet — and sometimes supplements — is an important part of staying healthy.

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