Science · Physical Science

Electricity — Reading Comprehension Lesson

Reading comprehension passage and printable worksheet about electricity, circuits, and electric energy for grades 3–6.

Reading Passage

Electricity

Electricity is a form of energy caused by the flow of electrons. Electrons are tiny particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom. In some materials, electrons can move easily from one atom to the next, creating an electric current.

There are two main types of electricity. Static electricity occurs when electric charges build up on the surface of an object. Current electricity is the steady flow of electrons through a conductor, like a wire. It is current electricity that powers our homes, schools, and devices.

For electric current to flow, it needs a complete path called a circuit. A basic circuit includes a power source, such as a battery, connecting wires, and a device that uses the electricity, such as a light bulb. If the circuit is broken — for example, by a switch — the current stops flowing.

Materials that allow electricity to flow through them are called conductors. Metals like copper and aluminum are excellent conductors, which is why they are used in electrical wires. Materials that do not allow electricity to pass through are called insulators. Plastic, rubber, and glass are common insulators used to keep people safe from electric shocks.

Electricity can be generated in many ways. Burning fossil fuels, harnessing wind and solar power, and using the movement of water through turbines are all methods of generating electricity. Once generated, electricity travels through power lines to homes and businesses where it powers countless devices.

Printable Worksheet

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